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Daily Archives: December 9, 2024
甚麼是「先知講道」?
By Tin-chee Lo (盧天賜) 上週五晚在教會的查經聚會中,我們查到哥林多前書14章,那裏提到「先知講道」一詞。這使人很自然地提出一個問題:是否講道分為有兩類:一類是「一搬講道」, 另一類是「先知講道」?大部分的福音派牧師都認爲新約教會的講道可分為「预言」和「宣講」兩大類: 慢一點!首先,我們要看看舊約聖經中先知的功能是什麼?舊約先知是首先從上帝那裏獲得訊息,然後將這個訊息不折不扣地告訴百姓。如果這是先知的定義,那麼,當牧師從聖經獲得了神話語的光照,再把這些話語在講枱上教導會眾,他豈不是履行先知的角色嗎?因此,在這個意識上,「釋經講道」就是「先知講道」。 其次,我們是活在一個「巳然而未然」的世代中。耶穌出來傳道便宣告天國「已經」來到。然而,從祂的比諭中,得知天國的終極完美狀態,必須等到「尚未來臨」的新天新地才能實現。例如,當我們今天宣講「喜樂和平安」的信息時,指出現世的「在主𥚃的喜樂和平安」只不過是預嚐將來在新天新地中與主完全合一的終極光景。所以,講道者如果能將「末世的觀點 (eschatological perspective)」注入講章中,使上帝的子民能活在「善用今生、默想來世」的豐盛生命中,就像亞伯拉罕一搬,「遠遠望見那天上的城」的榮耀盼望。這豈不是一篇先知講道的講章嗎? 結論:一搬來說,正統的「釋經講道」幾乎同等於「先知講道」。這様的講道者,在廣義的意識上,就是新約的「先知」,因為他是先從聖經領受亮光去解釋經主題經文,然後向會眾宣講其意義和應用,這正符合了先知的職責的描述。從這個廣義的先知定義,我們也可以說,所有以經文為本的講道都是「先知講道」,因為講者是「先知」。但如果今天牧師的講題是「如何建立美好的婚姻」或「如何教養兒女」,那麼這些講章,就其內容而言,就很難說它是屬「先知講道」的範圍, 或以說「先知所講的道」的表達更為準確。保羅在以弗所書4:10說,「祂所賜的有使徒、有先知.有傳福音的.有牧師和教師。」保羅把「先知」也納入新約教會的恩賜行列中。可見,舊約的先知需然巳經過去,但「先知」的觀念在新約中仍然存在,這就給我們對「先知講道」有更大的自由度去詮釋。另一方面,更是我們需要警醒的一方面, 就是有些人認為先知講道涉及來自上帝「直接的」及「個人性的」啟示,超越了聖經的封閉正典 (closed canon of Scripture) 原則。這顕然絶不是保羅所持有的一種「先知講道」觀點。正如哥林多前書第 14 章所示,保羅在其中所強調的乃是教會中的教導、勸誡和安慰的重要性, 而非滿足人們对未來的好奇心。
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